Negative staining for TEM is widely used to visualize at high resolution a number of biological samples (e.g., viruses, protein molecules, macromolecular assemblies and fibrils, liposomes, exosomes, synthetic DNA arrays, and polymer solutions). In this technique, samples are adsorbed to carbon support films and contrasted for electron imaging by surrounding the material with a thin aqueous film of heavy metal-containing negative staining solution and allowing to air-dry.
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